Gamma Knife: Setting new standards in cancer care

Icon Writers / 01 Dec, 2025

Dr Arjun Sahgal, Chief of Radiation Oncology at Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre in Toronto and a global leader in stereotactic radiosurgery, recently visited Icon to deliver a Gamma Knife webinar to Icon staff, speak at RANZCR 2025, and tour our new Icon Cancer Centre Gamma Knife site in Brisbane, open for consultations in December. 

We sat down with Dr Sahgal to learn more about Gamma Knife and the significant role it’s playing in redefining precision medicine for brain and neurological conditions.  

Why Gamma Knife matters

Gamma Knife technology uses highly focused Cobalt-60 radiation beams to precisely target and treat brain lesions and other neurologic diseases without the need for traditional invasive surgery. Dr Sahgal says it is a game-changer and is reducing recovery times and improving treatment outcomes and overall quality of life. 

“The main difference is precision of delivery and least collateral damage possible – you’re utilising hyper precision radiotherapy while minimising adverse effects… It’s one of the most precise delivery systems on the market delivering very exquisite dose distributions,” said Dr Sahgal. 

Gamma Knife’s ability to treat multiple lesions in a single session, or a few days depending on the approach, increases the ability for patients to avoid whole brain conventional radiotherapy. The aim is to control metastases with radiosurgery and preserve neurocognition and quality of life. This treatment is especially important in cancers such as melanoma where whole brain radiation has very limited benefits.  

Dr Sahgal emphasises the technology’s ability to treat multiple metastases is incredible but there remains a focus on education.  

“It’s not the number that matters, but it’s the technical ability to deliver it; it’s a highly specialised radiotherapy. We need to continue to invest in training radiation oncologists and encouraging more facilities to invest in Gamma Knife.”  

“Not everybody needs it – that’s why we have different types of treatments and treatment machines, but Gamma Knife certainly has its place. It’s allowing greater flexibility in our treatment than ever before and allowing for certain treatments with very high doses in a safer, highly precise environment.” 

Clinical impact and innovation

Gamma Knife is especially effective for brain metastases, benign tumours, blood vessel malformations, and select neurological disorders. The integration of adaptive planning, AI, and advanced imaging is revolutionising patient outcomes. 

“Staged radiosurgery which has also been termed as a ‘Pulsar’ approach is particularly attractive for patients with brain metastases that are also being treated with new drugs that can penetrate the central nervous system. The integration of Gamma Knife radiosurgery with such drugs was recently shown to be highly effective and needs to be further studied. But the potential to improve outcomes is there and we have to think differently and innovate.” 

Dr Arjun Sahgal visits Icon sites including our first Gamma Knife centre at Herston, Brisbane

I am excited for innovations in AI. The day where AI assists in target delineation helping radiation oncologists identify metastases that might otherwise be missed, and in interpreting scans to reduce variability and improve response assessment is fast approaching. 

Recent data shows that AI-driven planning can reduce treatment times by up to 30% and improve accuracy in identifying small or complex lesions. 

Transforming patient care

Gamma Knife has been shown to improve both survival rates and quality of life. For patients whose cancer hasn’t responded to standard radiation, it offers a powerful and effective options for further treatment.  

“In particular, for around 20% of patients, radiosurgery may not fully control the cancer. In my experience, Gamma Knife can offer an effective re-radiation options, delivering precise treatment when it matters most.” 

“I continue to develop Gamma Knife reirradiation for primary brain tumours, such as meningioma, who failed prior surgery and radiotherapy to control the disease. I have also been giving a boost dose of radiation for resistant tumours in combination with conventional radiation in order to combine the benefits of both modalities. The possibilities to improve tumour control and patient outcomes is exciting and the Gamma Knife provides me the tool I need to treat my patients to the best of my abilities,” said Dr Sahgal. 

Collaboration and multidisciplinary expertise

The success of Gamma Knife is underpinned by multidisciplinary collaboration, bringing together radiation oncologists, neurosurgeons, radiation therapists and medical physicists to advance radiosurgery. 

Icon’s investment in Gamma Knife will also see continued professional development, with ongoing training for clinicians, and referrer engagement to ensure best practice, fast adoption and best possible outcomes. 

The future: AI, automation, and personalised therapy

Looking ahead, the biggest innovations in radiotherapy will come from AI and automation, reshaping treatment planning and delivery. Dr Sahgal envisions a future where non-invasive stereotactic approaches become standard for most cranial lesions, and therapies are selected at the molecular level for maximum benefit. 

“Today, treatment is far more thoughtful and precise than ever before. By understanding tumours at the molecular level, we can make smarter choices – the challenge ahead is figuring out the best sequence of therapies.”  

AI-driven analytics are expected to further personalise treatment, predicting which patients will benefit most from Gamma Knife versus other modalities. 

For clinicians entering the field, Dr Sahgal urges a mindset of continuous improvement.  

“I ask clinicians to question yourself – are you doing the best possible for the patient? Reach out, collaborate and consider if there’s a better option, because sometimes patients often don’t know what’s available, or how to ask.”  

Investing in the future of radiosurgery

Icon’s recent announcements mark a significant investment in Gamma Knife technology, with new centres opening in Brisbane, Queensland and Richmond, Victoria. These facilities represent the first private Gamma Knife centres in their respective states, complementing public services and ensuring more patients can receive advanced, non-invasive treatments closer to home. This expansion is helping meet Australia’s growing need for specialised cancer care, reducing wait times and improving outcomes for patients nationwide. 

“It’s great to see organisations like Icon invest in this technology. Providing the latest treatments close to home opens the doors for patients to receive more specialised care. This tech has a very specific role in benign tumours as well as metastases and the more people who can access it, the better.” 

Through ongoing innovation, expanded access through organisations like Icon, and a culture of collaboration, radiosurgery is becoming safer, more precise, and more focused on what matters most – the patient.

Learn more about Gamma Knife at Icon

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